Penitentiary crime as a social phenomenon inherent in places of non-freedom in Ukraine is described in the article. The opinions of foreign and domestic scientists on the concept of penitentiary crime are analyzed. Penitentiary crime in places of incarceration is identified according to the typology of the object of a criminal offense. The authorʼs definition of penitentiary crime is formulated. We have identified crime in places of non-freedom according to the typology of the object of a criminal offense committed in places of non-freedom, dividing it into the following groups: 1) penitentiary criminal offenses; 2) violent criminal offenses; 3) narcotic criminal offenses; 4) criminal offenses against property; 5) official and corruption offenses. All of them together characterize penitentiary crime